R语言怎么利用ggplot2绘制QQ图和箱线图(ggplot2,r语言,开发技术)

绘制qq图

在ggplot2中绘制qq图需要两步，geom_qq()将绘制样本分位点，geom_qq_line()将绘制标准正态线

函数介绍

geom_qq()

geom_qq(mapping=NULL,data=NULL,geom="point",position="identity",...,distribution=stats::qnorm,dparams=list(),na.rm=FALSE,show.legend=NA,inherit.aes=TRUE)

geom_qq_line(mapping=NULL,data=NULL,geom="path",position="identity",...,distribution=stats::qnorm,dparams=list(),line.p=c(0.25,0.75),fullrange=FALSE,na.rm=FALSE,show.legend=NA,inherit.aes=TRUE)

参数介绍

**aes()**中的映射参数必须包含sample，可选参数有group,x,y distribution

Distribution function to use, if x not specified
dparams Additional parameters passed on to distribution function.
line.p Vector of quantiles to use when fitting the Q-Q line, defaults defaults to c(.25, .75).
fullrange Should the q-q line span the full range of the plot, or just the data

注意事项

**aes()**中的映射参数必须包含sample

例子

Using to explore the distribution of a variable

ggplot(mtcars,aes(sample=mpg))+stat_qq()+stat_qq_line()ggplot(mtcars,aes(sample=mpg,colour=factor(cyl)))+stat_qq()+stat_qq_line()

绘制boxplot

函数介绍

geom_boxplot(mapping=NULL,data=NULL,stat="boxplot",position="dodge2",...,outlier.colour=NULL,outlier.color=NULL,outlier.fill=NULL,outlier.shape=19,outlier.size=1.5,outlier.stroke=0.5,outlier.alpha=NULL,notch=FALSE,notchwidth=0.5,varwidth=FALSE,na.rm=FALSE,orientation=NA,show.legend=NA,inherit.aes=TRUE)

参数介绍

aes()可接收的参数有：

• x or y， 利用x将会是横向箱线图，y的是纵向

• lower or xlower

• upper or xupper

• middle or xmiddle

• ymin or xmin

• ymax or xmax

• alpha

• colour

• fill

• group

• linetype

• shape

• size

• weight

notch If FALSE (default) make a standard box plot. If TRUE, make a notched box plot. Notches are used to compare groups; if the notches
of two boxes do not overlap, this suggests that the medians are
significantly different.
notchwidth For a notched box plot, width of the notch relative to the body (defaults to notchwidth = 0.5).
varwidth If FALSE (default) make a standard box plot. If TRUE, boxes are drawn with widths proportional to the square-roots of the
number of observations in the groups (possibly weighted, using the
weight aesthetic).

例子

p<-ggplot(mpg,aes(x=class,y=hwy))p+geom_boxplot()

ggplot(mpg,aes(x=hwy,y=class))+geom_boxplot()

p<-ggplot(mpg,aes(x=class,y=hwy))p+geom_boxplot(notch=TRUE,varwidth=TRUE,fill="white",colour="#3366FF")

ggplot(diamonds,aes(carat,price))+geom_boxplot(aes(group=cut_width(carat,0.25)))

p<-ggplot(mpg,aes(x=class,y=hwy))p+geom_boxplot(outlier.shape=NA)+geom_jitter(width=0.2)

利用分位点绘制箱线图

y<-rnorm(100)df<-data.frame(x=1,y0=min(y),y25=quantile(y,0.25),y50=median(y),y75=quantile(y,0.75),y100=max(y))ggplot(df,aes(x))+geom_boxplot(aes(ymin=y0,lower=y25,middle=y50,upper=y75,ymax=y100),stat="identity")

将QQ图和箱线图进行融合

函数介绍

该函数是来自于qqboxplot包，因此使用前需要安装

geom_qqboxplot(mapping=NULL,data=NULL,stat="qqboxplot",position="dodge2",...,outlier.colour=NULL,outlier.color=NULL,outlier.fill=NULL,outlier.shape=19,outlier.size=1.5,outlier.stroke=0.5,outlier.alpha=NULL,notch=FALSE,notchwidth=0.5,varwidth=FALSE,na.rm=FALSE,show.legend=NA,inherit.aes=TRUE)

参数介绍

大部分参数和geom_qq()和geom_boxplot()中的参数含义相同

reference_dist 表示参数比较的标准分布名称，如果有参数需要有dparams

compdata 用于比较的标准样本数据，是个向量

注意事项

aes()函数中的y不可缺

例子

library(dplyr)library(ggplot2)library(qqboxplot)simulated_data=tibble(y=c(rnorm(1000,mean=2),rt(1000,16),rt(500,4),rt(1000,8),rt(1000,32)),group=c(rep("normal,mean=2",1000),rep("tdistribution,df=16",1000),rep("tdistribution,df=4",500),rep("tdistribution,df=8",1000),rep("tdistribution,df=32",1000)))p<-ggplot2::ggplot(simulated_data,ggplot2::aes(factor(group,levels=c("normal,mean=2","tdistribution,df=32","tdistribution,df=16","tdistribution,df=8","tdistribution,df=4")),y=y))p+geom_qqboxplot()p+geom_qqboxplot(reference_dist="norm")p+geom_qqboxplot(compdata=comparison_dataset)